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1. Dymo Letratag Qx50 Manual

Author:Hartwig, G. (Georg), 1813-1880.Title:The polar and tropical worlds: a description of man and nature in the polar and equatorial regions of the globe. Two volumes in one. Embracing also an account of the expeditions of all the Arctic explorers from the discovery of Iceland.

To Hall's last expedition. Together with the wonderful discoveries and adventures of Agassiz, Livingstone, Wallace and other distinguished travelers in the tropical countries. Ed., with additional chapters, by Dr. Guernsey.Publication info:Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library2005Rights/Permissions:Where applicable, subject to copyright. Please go to for more information.Print source:The polar and tropical worlds: a description of man and nature in the polar and equatorial regions of the globe. Two volumes in one.

Embracing also an account of the expeditions of all the Arctic explorers from the discovery of Iceland. To Hall's last expedition. Together with the wonderful discoveries and adventures of Agassiz, Livingstone, Wallace and other distinguished travelers in the tropical countries. Ed., with additional chapters, by Dr. Guernsey.Hartwig, G. (Georg), 1813-1880., Guernsey, Alfred H.

(Alfred Hudson), 1824-1902,Springfield, Mass., Chicago: C. Nichols & co., H.

Heron, 1875.Subject terms.

By Elaine Kitchel, American Printing House for the BlindFluorescent light is the most common source of lighting today for industry and commerce. The cool white fluorescent tube is the light source of choice for most designers of interior spaces. Fluorescent light is cheap, efficient and long-lasting and the tubes are available in a wide array of styles and choices, from the common cool white fluorescent tube (4100K and 5000K) to specialty tubes such as plant growth tubes and actinic tubes for aquarium lighting.Most schools are lit with cool white fluorescent tubes as well, owing to the qualities of economy and long life afforded by them.

However, recent studies in cellular activity of the human retina indicate cool white tubes should probably not be considered as a good lighting source for persons with eye disease or eye injury.When the eye is healthy and carrying on the process of photoreception, each photoreceptor in the retina does one unit of work for each peak in a wavelength of light which strikes it. Each unit of work done by a single photoreceptor, generates one unit of cellular waste product which must be carried away by the eye’s natural system of waste disposal.In the diseased or injured eye, the natural system of waste disposal is often compromised. Thus, while the retinal cells are working hard to process light information, they often produce more waste product than the eye’s disposal system can handle. Waste products build up in the eye and are perceived by the brain as “glare.”Glare is often characterized as “fog, whiteness, blackness, or an irritating feeling.” Whatever it is, it’s unpleasant to the person who experiences it. For the person suffering from diseased or injured eyes, it is more than unpleasant, it can be extremely painful and it can last a very long time after the source of light is removed.How does cool white light, or light with an output in the predominantly blue portion of the spectrum exacerbate glare?

It is simple mathematics. For every peak in a lightwave which strikes a photoreceptor, the cell does one unit of work. UV and light in the blue part of the spectrum have peaks which are very close together, working the eye at a much higher rate than that of the warm white (2700K) fluorescent tube. Conversely, light in the red part of the spectrum, tends to allow the retinal cells to operate at a slower rate, often giving them a better chance to keep pace with the disposal of the by-products of photoreception. This then, results in less glare.It is not too harsh to state that virtually all persons with vision problems should be removed from a light environment where the predominant light waves are a temperature above 3500K or a wavelength less than approximately 500 nm.Not only is it uncomfortable for persons with diseased or damaged eyes, there is adequate information available to safely state blue light, in addition to UV, causes irreparable damage, over time, to the human retina, especially in young children. Numerous studies by Dr. Chen of Sweden and Drs.

Ham and Ruffolo, suggest it is wavelength alone, not duration or intensity which is responsible for cellular damage and death in the presence of blue light. Serious consideration as to how we light environments of persons with visual problems cannot come too soon.While warm white fluorescent tubes are a much better environmental choice than cool white, incandescent bulbs offer an even better environment. Because of the slow processing of visual information in the diseased or injured eye, many persons with limited vision are able to perceive the flicker in fluorescent lights which is imperceptible to persons with healthy eyes. While this does not present a health problem to most people (persons with epilepsy are excepted,) it does become a source of annoyance for some.If a school, workplace or home has the choice between fluorescent and incandescent light, then incandescent bulbs, which are translucent, but not transparent and have a strong spike in the red end of the spectrum are preferred.

However if the choice is limited to cool white vs warm white fluorescent, then warm white tubes are the obvious choice.If overhead warm white tubes are selected, they can perform even better for the low vision user by the addition of a 1” peracube lens. This lens looks like a silver grid with cross pieces being 1” apart. Acrylic or Lucite lenses, which look more like sheets of semi-translucent material over the tubes, tend to scatter the light throughout the room and thus rebound it within the eye several times. Use of these lenses should be discouraged.A new product, the RobinSpring 32 lamp, is now available. Even though it is flourescent, it employs a new technology which reduces the flicker rate to almost nothing. Additionally, it uses a combination of fluorescent and and other lamp technologies to produce light that is in the 3200K range.

It is perfect for most persons with compromised vision, and those persons with typical vision for whom typical fluorescent lighting is not advisable.It is important that those of us who make decisions about the environments of others, especially children, take the safety and the comfort of their visual experience into consideration. Resources and ReferencesChen, E. Inhibition of cytochrome oxidase and blue-light damage in rat retina. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 231(7), 416-423.Fedorovich, I. P., & Ostrovskii, M. Enhanced transmission of UV light by human eye lens in early childhood and age-related yellowing of the lens. Doklady Biological Sciences, 336(1), 204-206.Hall-Lueck, A.

Dymo Letratag Qx50 Manual

Facts and fads: what works and what doesn't. Paper presented at the National Forum on Critical Issues in Infant and Preschool Education of Blind and Visually Impaired Children, American Foundation for the Blind.Ham, W.

Ocular hazards of light sources: review of current knowledge. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 25(2), 101-103.Ham, W. T., Jr., Ruffolo, J. J., Jr., Mueller, H. A., & Guerry, D., III. The nature of retinal radiation damage: dependence on wavelength, power level and exposure time; the quantitative dimensions of intense light damage as obtained from animal studies, Section II.

Applied Research, 20, 1005-1111.Hao, W., & Fong, H. Blue and ultraviolet light-absorbing opsin from the retinal pigment epithelium. Biochemistry, 35, 6251-6256.Hightower, K. The role of the lens epithelium in development of UV cataract. Current Eye Research, 14, 71-78.Holyoak, E., (1988), UV Filters, NoIRs and Low Vision, Research paper, 1-9.Pautler, E. L., Morita, M., & Beezley, D.

Reversible and irreversible blue light damage to the isolated, mammalian pigment epithelium. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (pp. New York: Liss.Rapp, L.

Morphologic comparisons between rhodopsin-mediated and short-wavelength classes of retinal light damage. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 33, 3367-3377.Rozanowska, M., Wessels, J., Boulton, M., Burke, J.

M., Rodgers, M. A., Truscott, T. G., & Sarna, T. Blue light-induced singlet oxygen generation by retinal lipofuscin in non-polar media. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 24, 1107-1112.Sliney, D. Biohazards of ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation.

Journal of Occupational Medicine, 25(3), 203-206.Yegorova, E. V., Babizhayev, M.

A., Ivanina, T. A., Zuyeva, M. V., & Ioshin, I. Spectral characteristics of intraocluar lenses and damage to the retina by visible light. Biophysics, 33(6), 1108-1114. There are few other resources as valuable to family members of children with visual impairments and deafblindness as state and national family organizations.State Level- The mission of DBMAT is to promote and improve the quality of life for all Texans who are deaf-blind multi-handicapped, deaf multi-handicapped, and blind multi-handicapped.- The Texas Chapter of the NAPVI supports parents of children with visual impairments. Texas Chargers, Inc. Encourages, educates, and enriches individuals and families living with CHARGE Syndrome. Texas Hands & Voices (TX H&V) offers support, information and resources in an unbiased manner to families with children who are deaf and hard of hearing.

Our outreach activities, parent/professional/community collaboration, and advocacy efforts are focused on enabling Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing children to reach their highest potential. Texas Parents of Blind Children (TPOBC) is the state chapter of the National Organization of Parents of Blind Children (NOPBC), a division of the NFB of Texas, a national membership organization of parents and friends of blind children. Our state chapter was formed at the NFB of Texas State Convention in 2006 in order to reach out to parents of blind children and provide vital support, encouragement, and information.(TxP2P) is committed to improving the lives of Texas children who have disabilities, chronic illness, and/or special health care needs. TxP2P empowers families to be strong advocates through parent-to-parent support, resource referral, and education.- The Arc of Texas creates opportunities for all people with intellectual and developmental disabilities to actively participate in their communities and make the choices that affect their lives in a positive manner., created by parents, for parents.

This web site is a project of the Texas Education Agency and is committed to providing accurate and consistent information to parents & families of students with disabilities. Jean HuehnJanet McAdamYork Region District School BoardVision Services Department300 Harry Walker ParkwayNewmarket, OntarioL3H 8E2(905) 727-0022, ext. 3324Presented at the AER International Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Saturday, July 20, 2002. Rationale and Benefits to Students:Students with visual impairments have many educational needs that are not addressed by the core (academic) curriculum taught to all students. The Extended Core Curriculum for students who are visually impaired addresses these needs. A syndrome is a group of symptoms that occur together and may affect the whole body or any of its parts.

The following selected syndromes affect the eye.see for more information. SyndromeGeneral CharacteristicsOcular InvolvementBassen-Kornzweig SyndromeIt is an autosomal recessive condition that more often affects males. It is caused by a defect in a gene that tells the body to create lipoproteins (molecules of fat combined with protein).

The defect makes it hard for the body to properly digest fat and essential vitamins. Progressive degeneration of the retina that can advance to near-blindness. Night blindness is an early and prominent symptom. Atypical retinitis pigmentosa. The macula may or may not be affected while peripheral fields are often severely constricted. Loss of photoreceptors continues throughout lifeBatten-Vogt-Mayou Disease (also called Speilmeyer-Batten-Vogt)Batten disease is the juvenile form of a group of progressive neurological diseases known as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL). It is characterized by accumulation of a fatty substance in the brain as well as in tissue that does not contain nerve cells.

This disorder is inherited, and is marked by rapidly progressive vision failure (optic atrophy), and neurological disturbances, which may begin before eight years of age. The disorder affects the brain and may cause both deterioration of intellect and neurological functions.

Development of pigment disturbances resembling retinitis pigmentosa. Progressive primary optic atrophy. Granular pigmentary change of macula (macular degeneration)Borneville's Disease (also called Tuberous Sclerosis)This condition is inherited as autosomal dominant.

It is characterized by adenoma sebaceum (large 'blackheads'), central nervous system tumors, renal tumors, multiple lung cysts, seizures, and intellectual disabilities. This disease appears at birth or within the first few years and results in death during the teenage years. Retinal tumorsC.H.A.R.G.E. SyndromeCHARGE stands for Coloboma, Heart defect, Atresia choanae (a congenital disorder where the back of the nasal passage or choana is blocked), Retarded growth and development, Genital abnormality, and Ear abnormality.

A coloboma may be present in one or both eyes and can affect vision, depending on its size and location. Some people also have microphthalmia (abnormally small eyes). CHARGE syndrome is the leading cause of congenital deafblindnessCri-du-chatCri-du-chat is a chromosomal condition that results when a piece of chromosome 5 is missing. Infants with this condition often have a high-pitched cry that sounds like that of a cat. The disorder is characterized by intellectual disability and delayed development, small head size (microcephaly), low birth weight, and weak muscle tone (hypotonia) in infancy. Affected individuals also have distinctive facial features, including widely set eyes (hypertelorism), low-set ears, a small jaw, and a rounded face. Strabismus.

Eyes spaced wide apart. Folds of skin over the eyelidsCrouzon’s SyndromeCrouzon’s is a rare genetic abnormality, affecting 15 in every million babies. Although brain development is normal, the plates of the skull fuse before birth. With no space for the brain to grow further, pressure builds up often causing a string of problems: the tubes behind the nose are constricted, teeth are bunched up, the throat is squeezed causing reflux, and ear infections are common. The optic nerves swell and become damagedDeGrouchy’s SyndromeA person who has DeGrouchy’s will have a short stature, hypotonia (lack of muscle tone), hearing impairment, and foot abnormalities. ELAINE HOLYOAK KITCHEL, Research Scientist1990 AbstractChoices of UV filters and NoIR filters from 60 low-vision subjects were obtained from clients receiving services within Indiana Blind and Visually Impaired Section, Indiana Vocational Rehabilitation Services, Bosma Industries for the Blind and persons at large. Another group of 20 subjects was selected among non-visually impaired employees who worked for those institutions to provide a comparison.

Subjects were asked to select for eye comfort, and contrast from among the following filters provided by NoIR Medical technologies: U50 (yellow), U81 (medium plum), U80 (dark plum), U21 (medium grey), U70 (pink), 102 (medium grey green), U10 (clear), U93 (red), U60 (orange), U22 (dark grey), 101 (amber), 708 (dark grey green). Twenty-eight percent of the experimental group chose medium plum filters, 25% chose yellow, with pink being chosen at a rate of 13%. Clients had been asked to select filters in standard indoor light and medium-to-bright outdoor light and judge filters according to the following criteria:. Best contrast achieved and;. Eye comfortDeterminations were then made about which persons most often chose which filters based on statistical frequency. Subjects performed a daily task while wearing the filters in order to determine if the filters actually helped improve contrast or eye comfort. It was found that the subjects who suffered from macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa most often chose yellow filters.

Persons with histoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis and the category of 'other' which consisted mostly of refractive errors and retinopathy most often chose plum, with plum being the most chosen color overall. Filters of red, green, orange and clear all were chosen by at least one subject. Grey was preferred by the control group overwhelmingly. Dark grey, amber, and dark grey green were not selected by any subjects with visual impairments. IntroductionFor many years now experts in low vision have been aware that persons with low-vision often suffer super-sensitivity to light and glare. In 1985, Joseph H. Maino, O.D., and Timothy T.

McMahon, O.D., did a study determining their patient's preferences for the NoIR series of light filters. NoIRs are filters which incorporate infrared and ultraviolet absorbers, as well as blue light absorbers in some models. They then determined patient preferences for filters based upon ocular disease and visual acuity.Drs. Maino and McMahon determined that more than 50% of the patients chose the #101, or medium amber filter. These were mostly patients with dry macular degeneration, glaucoma, and retinitis pigmentosa.

About a third of their subjects chose the #102 or grey green in medium tone. This color was preferred by subjects with eye diseases other than those named above.

But it should be noted that the Maino-McMahon study included five colors of NoIRs only and did not include the broad color range and the greater light transmissions of the newer NoIR and UV filters available today. This researcher could find no literature which sought to determine the types of UV shields preferred by low-vision persons, especially in colors other than grey-green and amber.Greater range of color is an important distinction because colored filters have improved greatly since the 1985 study. Traditionally the older NoIRs were very dark and did not allow for much of a color range. In fact, the Main-McMahon study used only five shades, medium amber, medium grey-green, dark amber, dark grey-green, and very dark green. But filters produced now by NoIR Medical Technologies have a wide range of color, shade, and light transmission.This study uses a wide range of color and light transmission using the new filters produced by NoIR Medical Technologies. A Hands on Workshop to Help Elementary School Children Learn About Visual ImpairmentsPresented at AER 2002, TroontoBy Sarah Abdelnour, O&M SpecialistBlind Children’s Learning CenterSanta Ana, California1.0 - Introduction and Overview of the WorkshopThis hand’s on workshop is designed to help elementary school-aged children learn about visual impairments.

It provides an opportunity for sighted peers to learn about a low incident disability and to broaden their understanding of visual impairments. If it is presented in a class where there is a visually impaired student, it helps the sighted peers develop an understanding of their friend.It can also be used with teachers and other support staff involved with students who have visual impairments as an inservice. The workshop serves as a great refresher for the teachers/aides about the demands these children are faced with in school and how taxing they can be mentally and physically. For staff newly involved with a VI student it also works very well to teach them about visual impairments.This package includes all the information you will need to prepare for and set-up the workshop. The workshop begins with an information session. I have provided an outline for you to use. After the introduction, the students will rotate through a series of stations.

Each station focuses on a different aspect of visual impairments and has a hands-on activity for the students to do and learn from. There are also information cards (provided in this package) that can be placed at the stations to provide more information for the students about how that particular station relates to visual impairments. There are 8 different station ideas for you to choose from. Feel free to invent and add on your own. Each suggested station in this package lists the supplies that are needed, instructions and follow-up activity suggestions. At the end of this package, I have copied two sets of question and answer sheets that can be photocopied and handed out for the students to take home with them.

One is about guide dogs and the other is a list of common questions asked about visual impairments. Use your judgement as to whether they are appropriate for the age group you are doing the workshop with. DISCLAIMER: TSBVI provides external links solely for our users' information and convenience. When users select a link to an outside website, they are leaving the TSBVI site and are subject to the privacy limitations and policies of the owners/sponsors of that website.

TSBVI cannot control or guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness, or completeness of information contained on a linked website. TSBVI does not endorse the organizations sponsoring linked websites, and does not endorse the views they express or the products/services they offer. TSBVI cannot guarantee that outside websites comply with Section 508 (Accessibility Requirements) of the Rehabilitation Act.For information about this website or TSBVI, you may call (512) 454-8631.